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在Ubuntu下配置使用Tex中文环境有好几种选择和相关方法，有些比较简单（比如直接用XeTeX），有些则相对麻烦一点（比如手动去生成相关字体）。
现在应用最广的一般是TexLive CJK，如果想尽量使你的Tex文档在Windows/Linux下互相通用，一般都选择这种组合，而且这也是目前最成熟的（相对于XeTeX）。
今天这篇文章中的方法，是利用目前已经成功的方法，再结合Ubuntu的特定环境所作的。希望能给想在Ubuntu下配置Tex中文环境的朋友一个参考。
—–
先介绍一下之前最流行的在Linux下配置Tex的方法，一般是参考这篇文章：
http://mailboxpublic.googlepages.com/texlive2007cjkchinesehowto
下载1GB左右的ISO档，挂载ISO并安装其中的TexLive，再自己生动生成相关字体文件。一般都能顺利的配置好Tex UTF-8的中文环境。
但是对于习惯了apt-get的用户，可能不愿意从外部安装Tex套件。因此，我参考了一些文章，琢磨出了这个利用Ubuntu源里的TexLive，再手动生成字体包的方法，优点是：
- 不需要下载1GB的ISO档，只需要下载我准备的几百KB的字体生成要用的相关文件。
- 只从Ubuntu源里安装相关Tex套件，不往系统目录写入其他文件，方便删除。
- 仍需要手动生成字体文件，不过是安装在自己的主目录下。
好。请看详细方法：
一、安装TexLive Latex CJK：
打开终端，执行下述命令安装TexLive和常用的一些Latex宏包（可以根据自己的需要增改）：
如果硬盘充裕的话，直接完整安装也可以：
安装完后，就可以安装CJK的相关软件包了，如果只需要获得中文支持，那么执行：
否则，建议安装latex-cjk-all以获取完整支持。
二、生成中文字体包
安装好TexLive CJK以后，还需要安装一个软件──fontforge用于生成字体：
好了，前面所做的，都是标准的Debian式安装，假如哪天你不需要了，直接remove安装即可。
生成字体前，请自己准备你需要生成的字体文件：simsun.ttc，simhei.ttf等，这里以simsun.ttc（宋体）为例。
准备好后下载下面这个包，解压到一个地方，如自己的主目录~/font：
然后把simsun.ttc也复制到~/font里去，执行下面的命令生成字体地图：
time fontforge -script subfonts.pe simsun.ttc song Unicode.sfd
加time是为了计算时间，因为比较耗时，在我的Core 2 Duo T5500下，生成song花了40分钟，生成hei花了24分钟，仅供参考。
字体生成好了，再建立一个描述文件吧。
在~/font下，建立一个makemap文件，内容如下：
do
cat >> song.map << EOF
${i%.tfm} ${i%.tfm} < ${i%.tfm}.pfb
EOF
done
然后在终端下执行：chmod x makemap让文件加上执行权限，最后执行：
再建立一个一个c70song.fd文件：
% created by Edward G.J. Lee
% modify by Yue Wang
\ProvidesFile{c70song.fd}
\DeclareFontFamily{C70}{song}{\hyphenchar \font\m@ne}
\DeclareFontShape{C70}{song}{m}{n}{<-> CJK * song}{}
\DeclareFontShape{C70}{song}{bx}{n}{<-> CJKb * song}{\CJKbold}
\endinput
好的，相关文件都已生成，开始复制字体使其生效。
执行下面的命令，在你的主目录下生成隐藏的个人Tex配置，如果你哪天不需要了，也可以删除：
mkdir -p ~/.texmf-var/fonts/tfm/CJK/song
mkdir -p ~/.texmf-var/fonts/type1/CJK/song
mkdir -p ~/.texmf-var/tex/latex/CJK/UTF8
建立完这层层叠叠的目录以后，就把刚刚生成的字体复制进去吧。
cp ~/font/*.tfm ~/.texmf-var/fonts/tfm/CJK/song
cp ~/font/*.pfb ~/.texmf-var/fonts/type1/CJK/song
cp ~/font/c70song.fd ~/.texmf-var/tex/latex/CJK/UTF8
复制完后就执行命令刷新缓存，让它生效：
updmap --enable Map song.map
假如一切顺序的话， 就测试一下我们安装的song体是否能用吧。
在任意位置编辑这个文件，然后保存为test.tex，支持UTF-8格式：
\usepackage{CJKutf8}
\begin{document}
\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{song}
你好！这里是Ubuntu下的TexLive CJK环境！
\end{CJK}
\end{document}
执行分别生成pdf文档和用evince来查看文档：
pdflatex test.tex
evince test.pdf
看看你的过程顺不顺利，生成的PDF档也是下面这样吗？
用同样的方法搞定hei和kai等常用中文标准字体，开始享受你的Tex吧！
参考资料是：
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